Climate zones in Monaco, 1991 to 2020
Share of Monaco's classified land in each Köppen-Geiger zone in 1991 to 2020. Zones under 0.05% are left out. The 29 map cells used cover 97% of the country's outline (about 18 km²).
By major group: C (temperate) 100%.
Csa, hot-summer mediterranean, is the main climate of Monaco, covering 76% of its classified land in 1991 to 2020, with Csb (warm-summer mediterranean) next at 24%. In plain terms, hot-summer mediterranean means dry, hot summers and mild, wetter winters. Under the middle-of-the-road scenario (SSP2-4.5), 24% of its land is projected to be in a different zone by 2071 to 2099, with the biggest gain going to Csa (hot-summer mediterranean).
How Monaco's zones have changed and may change
Each row compares a map with 1991 to 2020. "Share in a different zone" is the share of the country's area whose class is different from 1991 to 2020. Future rows are model projections under an emissions scenario, not forecasts.
| Map | Share in a different zone | Different major group | Biggest gain | Biggest loss |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1901 to 1930 (past) | 55% | 0% | Csa +55.2 percentage points | Csb -55.2 percentage points |
| 2071 to 2099, SSP1-2.6 (low emissions) | 24% | 0% | Csa +24.1 percentage points | Csb -24.1 percentage points |
| 2071 to 2099, SSP2-4.5 (middle of the road) | 24% | 0% | Csa +24.1 percentage points | Csb -24.1 percentage points |
| 2071 to 2099, SSP5-8.5 (high emissions) | 24% | 0% | Csa +24.1 percentage points | Csb -24.1 percentage points |
For the past row, the comparison runs the other way: the 1901 to 1930 map against 1991 to 2020.
Zone shares by map
| Zone | 1901 to 1930 | 1991 to 2020 | SSP1-2.6 (2071 to 2099) | SSP2-4.5 (2071 to 2099) | SSP5-8.5 (2071 to 2099) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Csa Hot-summer Mediterranean | 21% | 76% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| Csb Warm-summer Mediterranean | 79% | 24% | - | - | - |
Percentages are of the country's classified land in each map. A dash means under 0.05%.
Zones found in Monaco
Data: Beck et al. (2023), CC BY 4.0; country outlines from Natural Earth. In 1901 to 1930 the most common zone was Csb. See data sources and licences.